The introduction of a ventilation pipe in the pit toilet, as shown in figure 3, is a variation of the pit toilet concept. This type of latrine is called a ventilated improved pit vip latrine. The ventilated improved pit vip latrine is now widely recognized as one of the most important, affordable and appropriate onsite sanitaion technologies for use in both urban and rural areas of developing countr es. Ventilated improved pit vip latrines resources susana. Ventilated improved pit latrine practical action technical. Traditional pit latrines undptag united nation development program technical advisory group unicef united nation childrens fund usa united states of america vip ventilated improved latrine watsan water and sanitation wes water and. Excreta, along with anal cleansing materials water or solids are deposited into a pit. Wall slab ventilation roof frame soap water tank pit any type of improved latrine that breaks the contact between feces and the environment will be of bene. The rate of ventilation through the vent pipe of a ventilated improved pit latrine is the main technical factor that determines its efficiency in odour control aside the maintenance and cleaning practices of the users. Apr 17, 2014 this includes a private flush or pourflush toilet or latrine connected to a piped sewer system or septic system, a simple pit latrine with a slab, a ventilated improved pit latrine or a composing toilet. The rate of ventilation through the vent pipe of a ventilated improved pit latrine is the main technical factor that determines its efficiency in odour control aside the maintenance and cleaning. It seeks to clarify the current state of ventilated improved pit latrine design, which often includes a bewildering set of design options such as single or twin pits, emptiable or nonemptiable, lined or unlined and raised above ground level or unraised. This study was carried out between december 2014 and september 2015 in nakuru, kenya. Vip latrines effectively control odour and flies while still allowing users to clean themselves with hard materials such as newspaper and leaves which may not suitable for.
There are many other latrines designs available, but this chapter will focus on the vip latrine. This report emanates from the water research commission project number k5709 entitled preparation of standard engineering drawings, specifications and guidelines for ventilated improved pit latrines in. Latrine design and construction lifewater international. The distinctive feature that gives the vip latrine its name is the vent pipe installed into the pit, which is used to exhaust the foul odour from the pit and control flies figure 20. There are various designs of vip latrines figures but they all differ from. Lining the pit prevents it from collapsing and provides support to the. Shared sanitation versus individual household latrines. The gradual rise in the acquisition of improved ventilated latrines can be attributed to the time villagers needed to adjust to the new demands and initiate change in earnest. Pit latrine treatments, blair toilets and vip, ventilated. The work in botswana was funded by the united kingdom science and engineering research council, and that in zimbabwe by tag. A ventilated improved pit latrine vip is similar to a single pit latrine with addition of a vertical vent pipe. Pits of pit latrines shall be ventilated with a ventilation pipe of nominal diameter at least 110. How do you design a ventilated improved pitlatrine answers. The ventilated improved pit vip latrine dark interior so flies are not attracted out of the pit sludge.
Further details of countryspecific deslgns currently for botswana, tanzania and zimbabwe are given in other technical notes in this series. Pit toilets latrines global water pathogen project. Empty using a latrine by hand mechanical means tanker backfill the top of the dig out the contents of the use a simple device e. A full pit latrine is defined as one that is filled to within onehalf metre of ground level. Research by the world bankl has shown that ventilated improved pit vip latrines can provide most of the health and convenience benefits of conventional waterborne sewerage but at a fraction of its costs. Pdf on mar 14, 2018, babatunde femi bakare and others published scientific support for the design and operation of ventilated improved pit latrines and the efficacy of pit latrine additives. Nov 30, 2012 the preferred sanitation technology in swaziland is the ventilated improved pit latrine vip. Improved sanitation includes waterbased toilets that flush into sewers, septic systems, or pit latrines. There are a number of factors which influence the correct functioning of a pit latrine, e. If the latrine is well designed then there should be less concern for disease as the latrine will be easy to clean, cleanable floor and surfaces, as well as including a sanitary plate sanplat or pourflush system. The ventilated improved pit latrine is an improvement on standard pit latrines that eliminates flies and odour. Single ventilated improved pit vip sswm find tools. The preferred sanitation technology in swaziland is the ventilated improved pit latrine vip.
Information on improved latrine options 11 part 3 what do we mean by latrine. A practical guide for building a simple pit latrine sue. Single ventilated improved pit vip sswm find tools for. Even though the factors affecting the ventilation rate have been well researched, they have not been previously related in a mathematical model to. Ventilated improved pit vip latrines the addition of a vent pipe to a simple pit latrine is one way of reducing the nuisance of flies in the cubicle if the cubicle is kept clean and dark. Pdf scientific support for the design and operation of.
This guide describes how they work and presents various designs and design. Vip refers to the ventilated improved pit toilet system design, which incorporates features to enhance sanitation and health aspects of pit toilets. Through the aeration in vips, odour and fly nuisances are reduced. Pit latrine treatment bioeffector the cure for clogged septic tanks and overloaded pit toilets, blair toilets and vip, ventilated improved pit toilet a biological activator remedy for a biological problem. Moreover, there is the issue of mobilising resources for erecting an improved ventilated latrine, hence the gradual onset of improved latrine ownership in the community. Ventilated improved pit vip latrine during the 1980s the vip latrine was developed in zimbabwe. The addition of a vent pipe to a simple pit latrine is one way of reducing the nuisance of flies in the cubicle if the cubicle is kept clean and dark. Use a motorized tanker with latrine with soil, and build latrine using a spade and mapet with a manpowered a vacuum pump. It is an improvement over the single pit because continuous airflow through the ventilation pipe vents odours and acts as a trap for flies as they escape towards the light. The ventilated improved pit vip latrine has the potential to address the challenge of access to improved sanitation in builtup lowincome settings. Factors associated with perception of bad odor by users of.
It didnt work first time around because my firewall blocked the download. Ventilated improved pit latrines general description 3. The of the documents on this site remains with the original publishers. December 1, 2004 downloads pdf available on line at. Preparation of standard engineering drawings, specifications and guidelines for ventilated improved pit latrines in south africa. There are a number of designs to suit different situations but they all work in much the same way. The blair is popular because it doubles as a washroom and. Pdf design and construction of household ventilated. Dear practical action, thank you for allowing me to download the vip latrine pdf. This includes a private flush or pourflush toilet or latrine connected to a piped sewer system or septic system, a simple pit latrine with a slab, a ventilated improved pit latrine or a composing toilet.
Optimising ventilation to control odour in the ventilated. The ventilated improved pit latrine or vip latrine differs from a standard improved latrine due to the addition of a vent pipe figure 5. A straight vertical ventilation pipe is present in a ventilated improved pit vip toilet reed, 2014a that extends 0. The ventilated improved pit latrine is an improvement on standard pit latrines that. Latrine design and construction 5 sample latrine design and construction schedule session day 1 day 2 day 3 day 4 day 5 9. Pdf redesigning the ventilated improved pit latrine for use. Design and construction of household ventilated improved pit. Ventilated improved pit latrines vips ventilation pipe fitted to draw odors way with air currents across the top of the pipe fresh air is sucked into the pit through the squat hole in slab covering pit relatively dark inside due to presence of the roof but this is essential for proper functioning. However, the most effective system to prevent odours is the socalled vip ventilated improved pit latrine.
The vip latrine was developed to overcome the problems of odour and fly breeding commonly found in unvented pit latrines. Only a portion of poorly defined categories of latrines. Traditional unventilated pit latrines are a very common. However, these challenges have been underresearched. Ventilated improved pit vip latrines moi ot 3 introduction the addition of a vent pipe to a simple pit latrine is one way of reducing the nuisance of flies in the cubicle if the cubicle is kept clean and dark.
This study was conducted to identify the gaps that exist between ventilated improved pit vip latrine construction practices in cape coast, ghana, and conventional technical guidelines, and to assess how any noncompliance with technical guidelines influences the users perception of odour and fly nuisances. See fact sheet a8 ventilated improved pit latrines g service life. The main drivers for design were to eliminate two unpleasant aspects of using onsite sanitation systems, flies and smell. Hundreds of thousands of these units have been built throughout zimbabwe, and most have been built with the generous support of donor organisations.
The ventilated improved pit vip latrine is an adaptation of the ageless pit latrine that can reduce the foul odor and amount of bugs. Rural health institution latrines a manual for field staff and practitioners april 2009. The documents may therefore not be redistributed commercially without the permission of the original publishers. Factors affecting the utilisation of improved ventilated. Ventilated improved pit vip latrines loughborough university. Improved sanitation facilities connection to a public sewer connection to a septic system pourflush latrine simple pit latrine ventilated improved pit latrine unimproved sanitation facilities public or shared latrine open pit latrine bucket latrine bottled water is not considered improved due to limitations in the potential. A ventilated improved pit vip latrine builders manual. Dec 25, 2012 the gradual rise in the acquisition of improved ventilated latrines can be attributed to the time villagers needed to adjust to the new demands and initiate change in earnest. Sludge can be disposed into water, if it is left untouched for about 2 years. They typically consist of a pit circular, rectangular, or squaredug crete slab or floor with a hole through which. However, its conventional technical design fails to address the needs and preferences of some users. The number of flies can be reduced by using a ventilated improved pit latrine. It comprises a stable foundation and flooring, a dark and sealed pit, and a ventilated pipe extending at least half a meter above the roof of the latrine, fitted with a fly screen. The rate of ventilation through the vent pipe of a ventilated improved pit latrine is the main technical factor that determines its efficiency in odour.
Even though the factors affecting the ventilation rate have been well researched, they have not been previously related in a mathematical model to quantify the relative effect. There are a number of designs to suit different situations but they all work in much the. Also available casa house plans casita plans special thanks to hector rubio for his service and help in creating these plans. Ventilated improved pit vip toilet systems installed in south africa are constructed according to a wide variety of designs and with many different types of materials, with a corresponding.
Nov 18, 2019 this study assessed how users of ventilated improved pit vip latrines in cape coast, ghana, perceive the level of odor in their latrines and identified the factors associated with perception of bad odor. These features are promoted naturally by wind, sunlight and natural decomposition processes. So building and using a latrine any type at all is the most important step to take. Introduction dear builder, the purpose of this manual is to explain how a ventilated improved pit v. The three main components of any latrine are a superstructure, a pit and a covering platform, as you can see in this diagram of the vip latrine popular in many of the communities we work with. Vip latrines are an improvement to overcome the disadvantages of simple pit latrines, e.
Ventilated improved pit latrine simon farmer practical. Home resources water and sanitation sanitation a practical guide for building a simple pit latrine. The vip latrine is an improvement over the simple dry pit latrine. The ventilated improved pit latrine was the commonest technology used by 47 % of households with private latrines. The ventilated improved pit latrine vip is a pit latrine with a black pipe vent pipe fitted to the pit and a screen flyscreen at the top outlet of the pipe. A practical guide for building a simple pit latrine download 5. Ventilated improved pit latrines, research report series, department of civil engineering, university of leeds, england forthcoming. Redesigning the ventilated improved pit latrine for use in. A ventilated improved pit vip latrine builders manual irc. Definitions of indicators a world health organization. Its objectives were to determine pit latrine management activities and.
Pit latrine operational management and sludge accumulation rate, presents a challenging sanitation problem in lowincome urban settlements. The residents ranked safety and privacy as the most important factors that. The options include the ventilated improved pit toilet in all its variations, composting toilets, separation toilets, dehydration type toilets, onsite. Design and construction of household ventilated improved. Improved pit latrines are the most basic and inexpensive form of improved sanitation. Ventilated improved pit latrine unimproved sanitation facilities public or shared latrine open pit latrine bucket latrine bottled water is not considered improved due to limitations in the potential quantity, not quality, of the water. There is strong evidence that access to improved sanitation can reduce diar. Furthermore, the reduction of flies can also reduce the transmission of disease. Ventilated improved pit bvip toilet in a single building operation. The ventilated improved pit vip latrine dark interior so flies are not attracted out of the pit sludge door facing prevailing wind minimum 3m deep, 1m diameter fly screen fitted tightly to the vent to catch flies escaping from inside the pit pit lining if soil is weak only light source in pit so flies fly up the pipe air flow superstructure. How the vip latrine works the vip latrine is a simple holeintheground latrine pit with a chimney added.
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